Law students preparing for the 2022 exams often wonder about important sections of the CPI. It can be difficult to cover the entire Indian Penal Code PDF if you have limited time. The following is a list of the essential and important sections of the IPC. A detailed list of all IPC laws included above can be found here. [8] These were the most important sections of the Indian Penal Code. As mentioned earlier, IPC is huge, and I hope this list of necessary sections will help you better prepare for your exams. Always remember to focus more on these and less on rest. But remember, I never use the words “ignore the rest.” Another good thing about a list of useful articles of the Indian Penal Code is that you are not clueless and wonder what to read for an exam. To clear up your confusion, here are the most important sections of the Indian Penal Code. The Penal Code defines specific offences in its various sections and provides penalties for them. It is divided into 23 chapters consisting of 511 sections. The outline of the code is given in the following table: Some references to certain sections (called dafā/dafa`a in Hindi-Urdu, دفعہ or दफ़ा/दफ़आ) of the IPC have entered the popular language in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
For example, scammers are called 420 (chaar-sau bees in Hindi-Urdu) under Section 420, which covers fraud. [25] Similarly, the specific reference to Section 302 (“tazīrāt-e-Hind dafā tīn-sau-do ke tehet sazā-e-maut”, “death penalty under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code”), which covers the death penalty, has become a common knowledge in the region due to repeated mentions in Bollywood films and regional pulp literature. [26] [27] Dafa 302 was also the name of a 1975 Bollywood film. Similarly, Shree 420 was the name of a 1955 Bollywood film starring Raj Kapoor.[28] [29] and Chachi 420 is a 1997 Bollywood film starring Kamal Haasan. [30] The Indian Penal Code of 1860, divided into 23 chapters, consists of 511 sections. The Code begins with an introduction, contains explanations and exceptions used in the Code, and covers a wide range of criminal offences. The overview is presented in the table below:[7] The nature of the Indian Penal Code has been highlighted as that of “master and servant”, with some of the provisions having no place in independent India. Some of the sections that need to be reformed and revised are: In an August 2015 ruling, the Supreme Court of Rajasthan made the Jain practice of voluntary death at the end of life, known as Santhara, punishable under Articles 306 and 309 of the ICC. This has led to some controversy, with sections of the Jain community urging the prime minister to take the order to the Supreme Court. [15] [16] On August 31, 2015, the Supreme Court granted and granted Akhil Bharat Varshiya Digambar Jain Parishad`s petition. It suspended the High Court`s decision and lifted the ban on the practice. Before treating these necessary sections of the IPC like any other, please understand that the topics and syllabus of all legal examinations are slightly different.
Therefore, be sure to review the full program before deciding to study only these crucial sections of the IPC and abandon the rest. In 2003, the Malimath Committee presented its report, which recommended several far-reaching criminal justice reforms, including the separation of investigation and prosecution (similar to the CPS in the UK) to streamline the criminal justice system. [21] The core of the report was the perceived need to move from an adversarial criminal justice system to an inquisitorial criminal justice system based on continental European systems. Section 1 – Title and scope of the Code. Section 2 – Punishment of offences committed in India. Section 3 – Punishment of offences committed after that date but punishable under law in India. Section 4 – Extension of the Code to extraterritorial offences. Section 8 – Gender. Article 11 – Person. This article punished, among other things, consensual sexual acts between consensual adults of the same sex.
With the advent of time, several voices have spoken out in favor of the decriminalization of this part that punishes homosexuality. Finally, in the Navtej Johar case, the Supreme Court committed and decriminalized the part of this article that punished consensual acts of this type. In 2017, India`s new Mental Health Care Act was signed. Section 115(1) of the Act effectively decriminalized suicide, saying, “Every person who attempts suicide shall, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, be charged as a serious charge and shall not be tried or punished under the Code.” The purpose of this Act is to create a general penal code for India. [6] Although the Act was not the original purpose, it does not repeal the criminal laws in force in India at the time of its enactment. This occurred because the law does not contain all offences and it was possible that some offences were still excluded from the code that should not be exempted from criminal sanctions. Although this law consolidates all relevant laws and is exhaustive with regard to the matters for which it is declared by law, many other criminal laws have been created in addition to the Penal Code that regulate various criminal offences. § 378 – Vol. Article 383 – Extortion. § 390 – Vol.
Article 391 – Dacoity. § 396 – Dacoity with murder. Article 399 – Preparation for the commission of damage. § 375 – Rape. § 376 – Punishment of rape. Section 376D – Gang rape. Section 376DA – Punishment for gang rape of women under sixteen years of age. § 376DB – Punishment for gang rape of women under the age of twelve. § 376E – Penalties for repeat offenders. § 377 – Crimes against nature.
§ 499 – Defamation. Section 503 – Criminal intimidation. Section 506 – Penalty for criminal intimidation. § 509 – Words, gestures or actions intended to offend a woman`s modesty. § 511 – Attempts to commit crimes. Under the non-obstruction clause in subsection 115(1) of the Mental Health Care Act, 2017, there is a presumption of serious distress for a person who has attempted suicide and that person cannot be punished under section 309 of the CPI. This article provided for a penalty of up to one year for suicide attempts. The Law Commission has long recommended decriminalizing suicide attempts by removing Section 309 from the law books.
However, the change in this regard has not been implemented, although the use of the provision has been minimized by the coming into force of the Mental Health Act 2017. These crimes are defined and punished in Chapter XVII and range from article 378, which defines theft, to article 462, which provides for the penalty for the crime of breaking and entering entrusted property.